Diseases of cucurbits pdf

The fungus may infect in dry climates if dew is present at 15. Jan 27, 2020 many diseases of cucurbits can be prevented or minimized in the home vegetable garden by using the following simple cultural controls. The key component of the project vg07015 pests, beneficials, disorders and diseases in cucurbits. Diseases and insects in michigan cucurbits and their. In severe cases, powdery mildew can cause premature death of leaves, and reduce yield and fruit quality. Although descriptions of the more common diseases have been given to. Cucurbits belong to the family cucurbitaceae and form an important and a large group of vegetables, grown extensively throughout india and other tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This disease occurs in squashes, melons, gourds, cucumbers, and pumpkins.

Details on carrying out each practice, example monitoring forms, and information on additional pests can be found in the cucurbit pest management guidelines pmg. Melon disease topics vine decline monosporascus root rot charcoal rot foliar diseases powdery mildew diseases caused by viruses potyviruses cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus. The department of plant pathology the ohio state universityoardc 1680 madison ave. Bacterial wilt is an unusual disease in that the bacterial pathogen can survivethe winter only in the digestive tractof striped cucumberbeetles and spotted cucumber beetles. Dec 16, 2011 diseases of cucurbits types of cucurbits those grown in il production facts etc. The disease, cucumber mosaic, is caused by the cucumber mosaic virus cmv. The plant may have 4 or 5 main stems from which the tendrils branch. Bacterial wilt is a common, often destructive, disease of cucurbits. This article is a list of diseases of cucurbits citrullus spp. Downy mildew of cucurbits can be found in temperate areas, such as the americas, europe, japan, australia and south africa, tropical regions and some semiarid regions, such as the middle east. The disease affects cucurbit crops in the field and those grown in passive or traditional greenhouses. If the disease is severe enough to warrant the use of fungicides, several are available for home garden use table 2. Here is a brief overview of the main diseases and pests that can threaten pumpkins, squash, calabash, marrow, watermelons and cucumbers and other cucurbits.

Diseases of cucurbits and their management springerlink. Some pathogens attack a wide variety of plants and others attack only specific plants. In particular, phytophthora capsici has increased dramatically in the past five years and is causing severe crop losses and infecting more and more. The wilting symptoms spread up and down the runner sometimes as a recurring wilt on hot, dry days. The fruit rot phase of this disease can be especially challenging to manage due to direct. Symptoms of the disease first appear on a single leaf which suddenly wilts and becomes dull green fig. Gummy stem blight gsb is a major disease of many cucurbits, including watermelon, cantaloupe, cucumber, pumpkin, squash, muskmelon, and other melons. Erwinia tracheiphila symptoms symptoms of the disease first appear on a single leaf which suddenly wilts and becomes dull green. Handbook of cucurbits growth, cultural practices and physiology pp. Phytophthora blight affects all com mercially available cucurbit cultivars. Anthracnose of cucurbits is widely distributed over the world wherever cucurbits are grown. Foliar diseases of cucurbits plant pathology university of kentucky. Providing physical barrier between the fruit and the soil can help to minimize the disease and avoid wounding of.

It is also possible to train traditional vines to vertical structures to save space. Follow suggestions outlined in the above mentioned publication 4. This guide provides descriptions and pictures of the more commonly found diseases and disorders of cucurbits worldwide. Cucurbitaceae downy mildew caused by pseudoperonospora cubensis is specific to cucurbits e. The most important of these viruses in the midwest are cucumber mosaic virus cmv, squash mosaic virus sqmv, watermelon mosaic virus wmv, and tobacco ringspot virus trsv. Plant disease diagnostic clinic cornell university college of. Symptoms and signs symptoms first appear as paletobright yellow spots on the upper surface of leaves figure 4 in the crown area of the plant. Keep the garden and surrounding area free of weeds that. The pathogen affects cucumbers, melon, squash, watermelon, and pumpkins. The cucumber plant is a sprawling vine with large leaves and curling tendrils. Biopesticides for managing cucurbit crop diseases organically. Plant pathology fact sheet ppfsvg10 foliar diseases of. Dec 16, 2016 here is a brief overview of the main diseases and pests that can threaten pumpkins, squash, calabash, marrow, watermelons and cucumbers and other cucurbits.

Aug 16, 2019 cucumber beetle damage can occur on the watermelon fruit. Lecture 12 diseases of cucurbits 2 lectures cucumber and squash vascular wilt. Use mosaic disease resistance variety seed for sowing. The risk from wilt and cyvd is so great that many commercial organic. The fungus didymella bryoniae is the causal organism for this disease.

Multiple disease resistance in cucurbits pdf melon germplasm was screened for cucumber green mottle mosaic virus cgmmv, powdery mildew. The number, severity and complexity of diseases attacking these vital crops have increased in the past decade. Diseases of cucurbit vegetables nsw department of primary. It is an aggressive, fastmoving disease that is very difficult to manage once it gets started. This primefact covers common cucurbit diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses. Many diseases of cucurbits can be prevented or minimized in the home vegetable garden by using the following simple cultural controls. Time of occurrence, severity, and the yield losses resulting from these diseases vary with geographic region. Yearround ipm program for cucurbits 911 seedlings cotyledons to 4 leaves vegetative growth. Anthracnose can cause serious losses of cucumbers, melon, watermelon and muskmelon whenever. Anthracnose of cucurbits nc state extension publications. Presence of cucurbit virus diseases in the midatlantic. Anthracnose is a widely distributed fungal disease of cucurbits.

An ipm scouting guide for common problems of cucurbit. University of californias official guidelines for pest monitoring techniques, pesticides, and nonpesticide alternatives for managing pests in agriculture, floriculture. The viruses differ in the range of host plants they. A list of cucurbit pests and diseases farmers weekly. Usda sanitary phytosanitary project cucurbit diseases i. Give yourself the information advantage in sustainable cucurbit production with identifying and managing cucurbit pests. Managing diseases is a very important component of production for melons, cucumbers, squashes, pumpkins, and other cucurbit crops. Diseases and insects in michigan cucurbits and their management. Fact sheets and information bulletins cucurbits cucumber, melon, pumpkin, squash, watermelon.

Cultural control mosaic diseases are managed by using good quality seed and by controlling aphids and cucumber beetles throughout the season. This guide covers the more common abiotic and biotic problems that occur on cucurbits cucurbitaceae family in kentucky. This disease can cause nearly complete losses of a planting before the first harvest. Cucurbit crops types of cucurbits and growing information. Cmv, prsvw, wmv, and zymv, are spread by aphids in a nonpersistent manner i. While nonresistant crapemyrtle trees are especially susceptible, this disease can also attack flowers like zinnias, roses, and gerbera daisy, as well as edibles like squashes, strawberries, and tomatoes. Downy mildew is a disease often identified on pumpkin crops, but the extent of yield loss if any due to the disease in the midwest is uncertain. Some species of fusaria are responsible for vascular wilts, such as the cropspecific disease fusarium wilt of melon cantaloupe and muskmelon caused by fusarium oxysporum f. Diseases of cucurbit vegetables department of primary. Organic cucurbits face pressure from multiple insects and diseases. Do not plant cucurbits near woods, brushy areas, or other areas that are weedy. How to diagnose a specific disease from diseases or disorders with similar symptoms.

Morrison iii2, benjamin werling3, nicole quinn 2, zsofia szendrei and amanda buchanan2 extension bulletin e3276 diseases cucurbit crops are an important component of the pro. Printable pdf click on images to see larger view powdery mildew is a common and serious disease of cucurbit crops in connecticut. Cucurbit crops comprise almost 30% of all vegetable crop acreage in new england, and are grown on over 4,000 acres in massachusetts. Cmv is one of the most common and destructive cucurbit viruses, and it is widely distributed throughout temperate and tropical areas of the world. Major oomycete diseases of cucurbits are caused by phytophthora capsici, pseudoperonospora cubensis, and pythium spp. This disease is caused by the fungus, fusarium oxysporum forma specialis melonis. Disease control in cucurbits vegetable diseases cornell. Other cucurbit crops affected by downy mildew and old infected. The wilting symptoms spread up and down the runner sometimes as.

Field identification guide is the publication of a practical field guide which will assist cucurbit growers with the identification of insects, diseases and disorders in their cucurbit crop. While squash and pumpkin are also susceptible, the damage to these hosts is usually less severe. Plant cucurbits in the same field or garden area only once in 3 or 4 years. Diagnosis and control thomas turini university of california cooperative extension fresno county. Muhammad asif pakistan slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Mathews paret, nicholas dufault, gary vallad, shouan zhang fanny iriarte, susannah da silva, blake thaxton, steve olson, josh freeman north florida research and education center, quincy, fl. Wherever your cucurbits are grown, the compendium of cucurbit diseases and pests, second edition provides the latest pest management and diagnostic information to suppress diseases of all cultivated cucurbits plus major insect pests and abiotic disorders affecting your crops. Cucurbits are warm weather crops which are sown, grown and harvested over spring, summer and autumn. Plant disease diagnostic clinic cornell university college. Spores can travel long distances in the wind and remain viable for up to eight days. Select varieties recommended for south carolina, especially those with some degree of disease resistance table 1. High level resistance to all the four diseases was not recorded in any of the collections tested. The overwintering structure, the oospore, has not been observed in the united states, and the pathogen does not survive on crop debris between. Compendium of cucurbit diseases and pests, second edition.

Diseases, insects, and weeds now available from university of illinois extension if you grow or advise growers of cucumbers, gourds, cantaloupes, muskmelon, pumpkins, squash, or watermelons, you wont want to be without identifying and managing cucurbit pests. Bacterial fruit blotchseedling blight acidovorax avenae subsp. Powdery mildew vs downy mildew university of florida. Virus diseases of cucurbits several viruses can infect cucurbit crops. Infection on watermelon and cantaloupe is commonly seen in florida, and the disease can cause significant. Signature symptoms 2000 also see the news article managing bacterial wilt affecting cucurbit crops june, 2001. Rotate with other vegetables, flowers, or small fruits. Important diseases of cucurbitaceous crops and their management february 2016 in book. Bacterial wilt primarily affects cucumber and muskmelon cantaloupe.

Rotate away from cucurbits melons, squash and cucumber for 2 3 years, if possible. Cucumber, cucumis sativus, is a warm season, vining, annual plant in the family cucurbitaceae grown for its edible cucumber fruit. Diseases and insects in michigan cucurbits and their management by charles krasnow 1,mary hausbeck, alexandria bryant2, william r. Powdery mildew of cucurbits university of connecticut.

The pathogen is a fungus that does not produce survival structures in northern states, and overwinters as live mildew colonies in gulf coast states. Management of cucurbit downy mildew in florida 2 epidemiology and disease cycle cucurbit downy mildew is caused by a biotrophic organism or obligate parasite, which means it needs a living host to survive. Colletotrichum orbiculare anthracnose of cucurbits, caused by colletotrichum orbiculare, is a serious disease of cucurbit crops in warm, rainy summers. Powdery mildew, mainly caused by the fungus podosphaera xanthii, infects all cucurbits, including muskmelons, squash, cucumbers, gourds, watermelons and pumpkins.

In spring the overwintered bacteria landon cucurbit leaves withinthe fecal droppings of beetles which have begun to feed on the plants. In some areas, such as the coastal areas of california, the pathogen survives on cucurbit crop or weed species, and the disease can occur at any time of the year. It progresses northward with cucurbit production each. Downy mildew and other diseases with groups 1, 3, and 11. Photographs and details of the cause, symptoms, source of infection, favourable conditions and control of the disease are outlined in the primefact. Management of gummy stem blight black rot on cucurbits.

A powdery mildew infection acts as a sink for plant photosynthates causing reductions in plant growth, premature. Erwinia tracheiphila, affects members of the cucurbit family. Cucumber diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. At present, major practices for management of oomycete diseases in cucurbits are using host resistance, cultural practices, and fungicide use.

The mu plant diagnostic clinic received a sample of cucumber with leaf spots caused by the fungus colletotrichum orbiculare syn. Also, some pathogens can attack all plant parts, while other attack only selected plant parts. The fungal genus fusarium causes several diseases on plants known as cucurbits, which belong to the family cucurbitaceae. This is one of the most important and widespread diseases of cucurbits. Do not use high rate of copper phytotoxicity issues on. Disease management in the home vegetable garden diseases occur when environmental conditions are suitable for pathogens to develop on susceptible plants. Bacterial wilt, a disease vectored by the cucumber beetle, and cucurbit yellow vine decline cyvd, vectored by squash bug, underscores the importance of insect management for disease control. Pests, beneficials, disorders and diseases in cucurbits.

Broadly labeled for foliar and soilborne diseases, including bacterial wilt, gummy stem blight, powdery mildew, dampingoff, crown and root rot, phytophthora blight, and fusarium wilt in. The key to effective monitoring is accurate identification. The fungus may infect in dry climates if dew is present at 15 20 c. Gourd diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Management cucurbits should be rotated with another crop every 2 years to reduce levels of inoculum. Nov 11, 2004 to identify diseases, insects, and weeds, and how to respond once youve made the identification. The disease is one of the most significant diseases of cucurbits worldwide. Lesions can form on seedlings, leaves, petioles, stems, and fruits. If the bee population is either low or inactive, there will not be sufficient pollen transferred from male to female flowers. Cucumber and cantaloupe are most susceptible, followed by.

The four most important virus diseases of cucurbits. Foliar diseases of cucurbits kenny seebold, extension plant pathologist figure 1. The already extensive list of more than 200 cucurbit diseases has expanded recently to include cucurbit yellow vine disease, acremonium collapse, rhizopycnis root rot, bacterial blight, cucumber root mat, cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus, cucurbit. The spotted, striped and banded cucumber beetles are very harmful to cucurbits members of the gourd family, including cucumbers, melons, pumpkins and squashes, particularly young plants. Anthracnose causes serious losses when susceptible cultivars of cucumber and watermelon are grown. Powdery mildew is a serious fungal disease that attacks a wide range of plants. Beetles commence feeding on plants as soon as they emerge and either kill the plants or greatly. Pathogenic specialization according to ability to infect cucurbit genera, species, and cultivars has. Statewide surveys and laboratory and greenhouse tests conducted during 20042006 showed that watermelon mosaic virus wmv was the most prevalent virus in commercial gourd, pumpkin, and squash fields in illinois. Pdf important diseases of cucurbitaceous crops and their.

Where feasible, cleanly plow under or burn crop debris after harvest, and control weeds. Important diseases of cucurbitaceous crops and their management. Fungicide application at the first onset of the disease florida weather conditions are ideal for occurrence of foliar diseases on cucurbits round the year. Mosaic diseases of cucurbits many viruses affect vine crops or cucur bits and c ause mosaic disease s. Page 1 diseases and insects in michigan cucurbits and their management by charles krasnow 1,mary hausbeck, alexandria bryant2, william r. Mancozeb or mankocide premix can effectively manage the disease if applied early in the season based on weather conditions, 23 applications may be needed early in the season. Labeled generally for several insects and diseases, including alternaria, anthracnose, downy mildew, leaf spot, and powdery mildew in cucurbits.

This necessitates the judicious use of protective and systemic fungicides and rotating fungicide chemistries for effective disease management. Rain, hot or cold temperatures and disease can limit bee activity. Traditionally, cucurbit crops need a fair amount of space to sprawl and twine. Click here to download a pdf version of this spotlight angular leaf spot, bacterial wilt, phytophthora crown and root rot, and powdery mildew are important diseases on cucumber. Affected leaves display a range of unusual symptoms including mosaic patterns in different shades of green and fingerlike distortion of leaf shape. Can be confused with the bacterial disease angular leaf spot.